Amber, fossilized tree resin, captivates with its warm glow and ancient history. But with the prevalence of imitations, discerning genuine amber from its counterfeits requires careful examination. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of various methods to help you confidently identify real amber.
What is Amber, and Why is it So Coveted?
Before we delve into identification techniques, it’s essential to understand what makes amber so special. Amber is formed from the fossilized resin of ancient coniferous trees, dating back millions of years. Its unique properties, such as its warm, honey-like color and the occasional inclusion of ancient insects or plant matter, contribute to its high value and desirability. The rarity of high-quality amber pieces further enhances its allure.
How to Identify Real Amber: A Multi-Sensory Approach
Identifying real amber isn't a single-step process; it involves utilizing several methods to ensure accuracy. Here's a breakdown of effective techniques:
1. The Saltwater Test:
This is a widely used and relatively reliable method. Here's how to perform it:
- Fill a glass with saltwater: Dissolve a generous amount of table salt into a glass of water until no more salt dissolves (saturated solution).
- Gently place the amber in the saltwater: Real amber, with its lower density than saltwater, will float. Imitations, such as plastic or glass, will usually sink.
Important Note: While this test is helpful, it’s not foolproof. Some very dense amber may sink, and some cleverly crafted imitations might mimic the buoyancy of real amber. It’s best used in conjunction with other testing methods.
2. The Heat Test (Use with Caution!):
This method requires extreme caution and should only be performed on a small, inconspicuous area of the piece. Never apply direct flame.
- Heat a needle: Carefully heat a needle using a lighter.
- Touch the needle to the amber: Real amber will release a distinct, slightly piney smell (some describe it as a slightly sweet, resinous odor). Imitations usually release a plastic-like or acrid smell, or no smell at all.
Warning: This test can damage the amber, so exercise extreme caution and only attempt it if you're comfortable risking minor damage to the piece.
3. The UV Light Test:
Many types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light. However, not all amber fluoresces, and some imitations might as well. This test should be used in conjunction with other methods.
- Use a UV light: Shine a UV light on the amber. Some amber will exhibit fluorescence, usually a bluish or greenish glow.
Important Note: The absence of fluorescence does not necessarily indicate that the piece is fake. Conversely, fluorescence doesn't automatically guarantee authenticity.
4. Examine the Inclusions:
Real amber often contains trapped insects, plant matter, or air bubbles. These inclusions should appear natural and three-dimensional, not artificially added or painted on. Examine carefully for any signs of manipulation.
5. Check the Surface:
Authentic amber often shows natural irregularities and imperfections. A perfectly smooth and flawless piece should raise suspicion. Look for subtle variations in color, texture, and transparency.
6. Consider the Price:
If the price seems too good to be true, it probably is. High-quality amber is a valuable gemstone, and excessively low prices often indicate a fake.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How can you tell if amber is real with a hot needle?
Heating a needle and touching it to the amber can release a distinct piney or resinous smell if it’s real. However, this method is risky and should only be used as a last resort on an inconspicuous area.
Does amber float in water?
Real amber usually floats in saltwater, but not necessarily in freshwater. This is due to its lower density than saltwater.
What is the best way to test if amber is real?
The best approach is to combine several methods. The saltwater test, observation of inclusions, and examination of the surface are generally considered the safest and most reliable options.
How much does real amber cost?
The cost of real amber varies widely depending on several factors including size, color, clarity, inclusions, and origin.
Why does amber sometimes look cloudy?
Cloudy amber can be caused by internal stress, air bubbles, or other inclusions trapped within the resin during its formation. It doesn’t automatically signify a fake, but it can impact its value.
Can amber be scratched easily?
Amber has a hardness of 2-2.5 on the Mohs scale. While relatively soft, it’s not easily scratched by a fingernail. However, it can be scratched by harder materials like metal.
By carefully combining these tests and paying attention to detail, you can significantly increase your chances of accurately identifying real amber. Remember, consulting a gemologist or reputable amber expert remains the best way to confirm the authenticity of a valuable piece.
